Catullus One

Catullus was a Roman poet in the 1st century BCE. His poems were known for being differently written from what his contemporaries were writing at the time. While others were writing more â€Å"manly† poetry, about their sexual conquests, Catullus was less racy in his writings. In his â€Å"Poem 1†, Catullus is dedicating his new poetry to a man named Cornelius. While not a love poem like he usually wrote, â€Å"Poem 1† shows several aspects of Roman culture and gives us a glimpse of how Romans tried to make a lasting impression on the world of the future.In â€Å"Poem 1†, Catullus is simply dedicating his new poetry to Cornelius. He says that Cornelius â€Å"had the habit of making much of my poetic little†, which seems as if Catullus is saying that Cornelius made his poetry more of a big deal than it was worth. This may mean that Cornelius was very excited to be reading Catullus' poetry, implying that the two were friends, or that Cornelius was jus t an admirer of Catullus'. This is reinforced by the next line which states, â€Å"†¦ the first in Italy, were boldly unfolding all past ages in three volumes†¦ . In Rome, at this point in history, preserving one's legacy was a very important task to undertake. It was on the mind of most every notable Roman.Whether it was through great acts committed in the name of Rome or through great works of literature, everyone wanted to be remembered far down the line. What we see in Catullus' â€Å"Poem 1† is this notion of eternal preservation. Catullus says that he will give his new collection to Cornelius and that he hopes that, â€Å"for the sake of its patron may it survive a century or better. This shows the Roman preoccupation with the preservation of their legacy. Catullus' poem may also show the Roman idea of amicitia, or friendship. In Rome, friendship could be an actual friendship, where those involved have a sort of admiration and respect for each other, or a ci rcle of favors where one Roman would do a favor for another. It is possible that Catullus says that he will dedicate this poem to Cornelius as a return of a favor that Cornelius did for Catullus or in order for Cornelius to does him a favor later down the line.But it seems more likely, based on the way that he writes, that Cornelius and Catullus are good friends and Catullus is preserving his friend's name at the same time as he is trying preserve his own and to secure his legacy. The poem is ambiguous in the fact that it does not come right out and say whether Catullus is being sarcastic with his words. As stated earlier, it seems that the relationship between Catullus and Cornelius is one of friendship. However, there is room for interpretation towards the sarcastic side of Catullus' writing.It could be that Cornelius is a critic of Catullus, who tries to make little of his great works of literature. The dedication could actually be a jab at Cornelius if he is in fact a critic of Catullus' writing. Catullus has used his poems to attack his critics before, as in â€Å"Poem Sixteen†. He used his poetry to attack two critics, Aurelius and Furius, who were criticizing Catullus' less than masculine writing style. These aspects of Roman culture, the preservation of legacies and the concept of amicitia, are shown not only in Catullus' work, but also in other writings from the time.Many letters from Cicero to various correspondents show the value of amicitia, both the true friendship and the circle of favors that were both part of this friendship. When he writes to and about Tiro, it is shown that there will be an exchange of favors as Cicero has recently freed Tiro, who was his servant. In exchange, Tiro will be indebted to Cicero and will have to perform a service for him later to repay this favor. The preservation of legacies is apparent in other readings by Catullus as well. In â€Å"Poems 68 and 101†, Catullus uses his poetry to preserve the legac y of other men.He tells us of a friend of his named Allius and of his brother. This man, Allius, aided Catullus after the death of Catullus' brother. He offered him a home to stay under and the mistress of the house to take care of him. This poem also exemplifies the Roman favor system. In repayment for his aid to Catullus, Allius' legacy was preserved in â€Å"Poem 68†. Catullus' brother was also preserved in these poems. He tells us of the grief that he feels in the wake of his brother's death, and by doing so tells us of his brother. Catullus was a very strange writer to read.His poems could vary in subject matter from his obsession over Lesbia, to attacking his critics, to how he has writer's block after the death of his brother. However, his poems did accomplish one of the most important of Roman goals. He was remembered. And through our remembrance of Catullus, we are given a small glimpse into Roman society in his life and what was valued by that society. In addition t o this, we also remember many other Roman men who he preserved with his poetry. Without the efforts of Catullus and many others in their attempts to be remembered, we would not have the wealth of information that we do today about life in Rome.

What It Means to Be a Pastor

â€Å"Do not remember the former things, or consider the things of old. I am doing a new thing; now it springs forth, do you not perceive it? † says the LORD in Isaiah 43:18-19(Holy Bible, KJV). Though these words were written thousands of years ago, they speak anew for being a pastor today. How does a person know if they are called to be a pastor? How does a person know what God is calling them to do? Why is it important to consider carefully and prayerfully one’s call, especially a call to be a pastor? I am convinced that to enter pastoral ministry without God’s call is one of the greatest deceptions of the devil. This is so because the one who is deceived and drawn into pastoral ministry apart from God’s call will not be as effective, because it takes a special anointing, and a closer relationship with God to be a pastor, but worse, the one who ventures into ministry for the wrong reasons will be powerless to prevent the desecration of God’s holy name. Here are some questions to consider for those who may be in the feeling stage of considering their call. Why is it important to consider carefully and prayerfully one’s call, especially a call to be a pastor? The non-called pastor, the non-called person in any position, is one of Satan’s most effective weapons. (See 1 Timothy 4; 2 Timothy 3-4; 2 Peter 2; Jude; and Revelation 2-3). Spiritual leadership requires the ability to listen, to respond to, and to effectively communicate God’s desire and will for a congregation Ministry is not only teaching, or being in view of congregation, but it is above all serving. It is shepherding, discipline. It is running to the hospital to sit at the beside of the sick and doing so at any time of night or day. In today’s economic times, we all have one way or another faced some difficult times, and instead of drawing closer to God, there seems to be a collective turning away from God. . According to the Western Recorder August 3, 2010 issue, the average salary for a full time Southern Baptist Pastor is $55,829; while the average pay package for a full time Southern Baptist pastor is $66,275. I don’t know about you, but these amounts sound insanely high to me. I figured that pastors made about $10,000 less than this; I make almost $28,000 less than this (God takes care of us). (http://sbcvoices. com/what-is-the-average-pay-for-a-full-time-southern-baptist-pastor-or-staff-member/#sthash. grh71N84. dpuf) Being a pastor will require a lot of your time and a whole lot of sacrifice, your wife and children will miss you every time you step out to minister and you will constantly be reminded of the cost of such a venture. Being a pastor is a continuous sacrifice, there will be times you have to choose between your ministry and your personal life, when the phone rings in the wee hours of the morning and you have to deal with your wife going through the house, cussing the dog and kicking the cat because the members don’t seem to respect the house, but you must go because the will of God must be done. Being a pastor is not something you can be trained to do, because to pastor you must have a love for God’s people. There is no other job or position in which people allow you into living rooms, hospital rooms and often the darkest places of their lives, there are very few jobs that require the amount of love and compassion it takes to truly and effectively care for God’s people, to whom much is given, much is required.

Al-Amanah Islamic Investment Bank Of The Philippines

Al-Amanah Islamic Investment Bank Of The Philippines Republic Act No. 6848, otherwise known as â€Å"The Charter of the Al-Amanah Islamic Investment Bank of the Philippines† outlines that the primary purpose of the Islamic bank is â€Å"to promote and accelerate the socio-economic development of the Autonomous Region by performing banking, financing and investment operations and to establish and participate in agricultural, commercial and industrial ventures based on the Islamic concept of banking.† In addition to allowing the bank to act as a universal bank capable of offering both conventional and Islamic banking products and services, the Sections No. 10 the bargaining power of multilateral and bilateral aid organizations(USTDA, WB, ADB, JBIC) is high due to their involvement with micro-finance and development banks; the large size and unorganized nature of the labor sector affords it little bargaining power; bargaining power among depositors is highly skewed towards the higher income deciles who’s deposits ac count for 88.3% of the savings in banks, with the lower deciles having nor bargaining power. (2) With regard to the bargaining power of buyers, the higher income deciles belonging to the middle and upper classes resided and/or did business in the National Capital Region (NCR) and demand services such as â€Å"à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦electronic banking, payroll services, and bill payments.†; The power portions of the population find it difficult to obtain financing from formal banks due to their situation, and thus do not have much bargaining power, but their sheer numbers offer a potentially large market. (3) With regard to the threat of new entrants, any new Islamic banks allowed by the BSP could actually benefit the Amanah Bank by providing much needed visibility for the beleaguered Philippine Islamic banking sector. (4) With regard to the threat of substitute, notable alternatives that customers may opt for are informal financial institutions, employers that provide loan programs, or complete abstinence from banking entirely. Another threat is the outflow of capital from the country. (5) With regard to rivalry among existing players, the tendency of banks to be large tends to lead them to avoid small borrowers and savers, as such the government has had to develop the banking system so as to include such institutions as thrift and rural banks which cater to the needs of small borrowers and savers who would otherwise resort to informal institutions. In order to counter the threat of oligopoly the government competes in the financial sector via the Development Bank of the Philippines (DBP) and the Land Bank of the Philippines (LBP). (Isnaji, 2003)

Personalized Medicine And Its Using For Predicting Disease Essay - 1

Personalized Medicine And Its Using For Predicting Disease - Essay Example With the rapid advancements in biotechnology and other disciplines of biology, I believe that within the next twenty-five years, personalized medicine would become an integral part of our world, making an enormous impact on the healthcare and medicine. In the model of personalized medicine, each individual is different and medication needs to be tailored according to his bodily requirements rather than using the same medicine for every individual for a particular disease (National Institute of Health). However, in order to make the personalized medicine a reality, the ‘doctor’ should have sufficient information about the patient, generally in the form of his genome. In 2001, when the Human Genome Project was completed, the cost of sequencing the entire genome exceeded 100 million dollars. However, with the advancements in biotechnology, the cost has drastically fallen to just ten thousand dollars (National Human Genome Research Institute). Even though this amount is still out of reach of a common man, the decrease in cost is quite dramatic. With the increased funding in the field of biology, it is expected that the cost would further reduce and eventually it would be within the reach of every person to have his genome sequenced. This would have far-reaching consequences and usher the humans into the new realm of personalized medicine. Hundreds of diseases could be prevented through earlier diagnosis as the data from the genome could indicate potential tendencies in an individual to develop a certain disease (Starr). The development described above would have a radical impact not only on the general well-being of the humans but it would also have far-reaching consequences on the lifestyle as well as the economy.

Impact of the World Trade Organization on Intellectual Property Rights Essay

Impact of the World Trade Organization on Intellectual Property Rights - Essay Example Finally, economics affect the governments by determining nation’s financial resources needed in the sustenance of the country’s requirements. The World Trade Organization (WTO) is an international body which has the main responsibility for regulating trade between different countries engaged in commercial activities. For example, the WTO standardizes trading policies by finding a common ground between different domestic policies (Kroll, 1999). Recent years have proved to be challenging for trading activities, especially in what concerns the intellectual property rights. Due to differences in policies regarding the ownership and transference of intellectual rights from one person to another, these rights are a crucial issue of contention between countries engaged in trading activities at the international level (Kroll, 1999). The WTO continues to resolve disputes arising with regard to intellectual property rights by providing a standardized set of rules used in the judgment of these cases (Kroll, 1999). Free trade recognizes individual rights to own and dispose of property and is a result of capitalism, which replaced the once popular mercantilism. Capitalism allows for privatization of wealth and the subsequent reduction of restrictions on trade, namely free trade (Craig, 1994). Free trade is considered an economic provision for exchange of goods and services without the intervention of the government, especially in view of foreign trade. In this scenario, the traders utilize the principle of comparative advantage, i.e. both parties benefit from the trade interactions. Ricardo (1817) demonstrated the gains from free trade by an example between two countries, which can use comparative advantage. Matters of guiding policies dictate that free trade ought to rely on supply and demand governing the prices and availability of the goods and services. However, comparative advantage, demand, and supply do not guarantee fair trade.

Case Study Analysis Google Inc. in China Term Paper

Case Study Analysis Google Inc. in China - Term Paper Example Compliance to Chinese law conflicts the process of conducting a successful business model for companies such as Google. When attempting to circumvent various govern-ment-sanctioned filters, consumer freedoms are at risk from authorities charged with Web surveillance. Concurrently, defying sanctions that are not aligned or considered appropriate for Western nations such as the United States can lead to significant business disruption if (or when) the government demands complete deconstruction of Internet services such as Google. Thus, personally speaking, the regulatory environment in China creates a conflict of interest within the business model as it pertains to providing excellence in service and maintaining a filtered Web presence that does not sustain revenue growth or even brand reputation. B. State what you are bracketing:5 Â ¶ Personal values associated with a firm belief in the democratic process and consumer independence must be removed to avoid bias when analyzing the case study. The socialist doctrine that has replaced long-standing communist values would, according to various theories, be associated with promoting liberties for consumers and giving them more ownership over business and personal lifestyle. An enduring and genuine distaste for oppressive regimes must be bracketed to avoid incorporation of personal values associated with analysis of the case study. II. The Situation6: A. List the facts7 relevant to the issue(s) identified: Â ¶ Deciding whether to defy regulatory authorities to provide a richer and more liberal Internet experience is conflicted by the high volume of policing officials dispersed throughout China. The sophistication of Chinese filtering poses many risks to a business model that is designed to extend breadth of knowledge to consumers, having built this capacity in a free nation where such issues are not a business risk. From human capital to technologies, non-compliance to regulatory demands is going to be noticed by gov ernment regulatory forces and, thus, businesses providing Internet content cannot avoid these filtering obligations if the business is to remain sustainable in a foreign nation. B. List the facts that comprise the historical context relevant to the issue(s) identified: Â ¶ The physical structure of the Internet in China that was developed since allowing Internet services in 1999 provides ample opportunities for enforcement of laws associated with content sanctions. Furthermore, recruitment of private citizens in the enforcement and reporting processes seriously conflict attempting to avoid establishing government-mandated controls and filtrations and expanded the reach of enforcement against these laws. The totalitarian regime in China is long-standing, developed under previous communist-oriented government frameworks. The Chinese government also was not forthcoming in establishing clear and concise frameworks to define compliance to Internet censoring. Lack of clear language made the process of complying with laws, while also attempting to improve profitability in China, created a need for innovation at Google to satisfy

Of your choice Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Of your choice - Essay Example In quota sampling, the researcher selects the respondents in a survey on the basis of some specified characteristics, which in this case is being a high school student (Rubin & Babbie, 2010). The survey questionnaire is shown as Appendix 1. Based on the first part of the questionnaire, two thirds of the respondents are male and the remaining one third are females. Majority of the respondents are 18 years old (8 out of 30 or 26.67%). The 16 and 19-year-olds make up the two smallest group at 6.67% each. The 14 and 17-year-olds each comprise 23.33% of the respondents, while the 15-year-olds account for 13.33%. Sixteen respondents or 53.33% are enrolled in public high schools, while the remaining 14 or 46.67% study in private schools. Nine or 30% of the students are sophomores, 8 or 26.67% are juniors, 7 or 23.33% are freshmen and 6 or 20% are seniors. Nine out of every 10 students (27 out of 30 or 90%) are aware of what plagiarism is, while the rest reported that they do not understand the term plagiarism. Exactly one third of the students admitted that they always commit acts of plagiarism, while one quarter of the students confessed that they plagiarize frequently. Nine out of 30 (30%) students pleaded guilty of plagiarizing only seldomly, whereas 5 (16.67%) stated that they have never committed plagiarism in connection with school work.

The history of money Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

The history of money - Assignment Example This will discourage the bank from circulating many dollars in the country. Therefore, introduction of gold-based reserve system is a sure way to manage inflation and national budgets. Third, the gold-based reserve system encourages a health completion in the business within a country. Introduction of this system in the United States will encourage increase in industrial innovations. These because the industries will look for advanced technological methods in order to produce quality products. This will have a positive impact on the United States economy (Ravenhill 10) However, there are shortcomings of this system in United States. To start with, it may stunt the growth of U.S economic growth. A focus of production based on the amount of gold will overlook the resourceful contributions of the American people. Second the system may inflate the rates on interest. This principal reason for this is to maintain the value of the dollar over that of the gold. Finally, many industries will face the danger of crumbling due to lack of funding from the government (Ravenhill 11). Canada is not immune to hyperinflation. The country does not have enough gold mines. The exhaustion of the available reserve will mark the start of inflation. The country economy will stagnate since they will have no funds to support their industries. This will affect my purchasing power and will destabilize my financial position thereby disrupting my lifestyle. The most plausible choice for my investment is in the shares. The principal reason for investing in these financial products is because of their high turn over (Ravenhill 69). Here in GTA, the data from Market Shares indicates their exemplary performance. The pros of shares include, they have a higher growth rate, there is high privacy in shares, and there are bonuses. The only con in this choice is the high risk of liquidation. Rational analysis directs my choice. The good trends in the share markets

Macro Economic Policy in Australia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Macro Economic Policy in Australia - Essay Example As a result of this, it attained the benefit of full employment and lower inflation level. The macro economic policy in Australia is focused on its monetary and fiscal policy and it aims to attain a sustainable developmental growth by mitigating certain problems in the areas of unemployment, inflation and other trade difficulties. "A macroeconomic policy framework conducive to growth can be characterised by five features: a low and predictable inflation rate; an appropriate real interest rate; a stable and sustainable fiscal policy; a competitive and predictable real exchange rate; and a balance of payments that is regarded as viable. Countries with these macroeconomic characteristics tend to grow faster than those without them."(Andersen and Gruen 2007). The term fiscal policy is related with two major concepts like allocation of resources and proper distribution of income. Proper implementation of fiscal policy is essential for maintaining a constant price level, elimination of job redundancy, and thereby the fulfillment of effective economic growth. So, the fiscal policy can be seen as playing a very important role in the accomplishment of economic objective. The approach towards both fiscal and monetary policy is quite different. ... nder circumstances in which annual budgets are strictly balanced, the irregular character of the within-year flow of expenditures and of revenues inevitably means that for some shorter periods within the annual time period, there will be 'deficits', albeit offset by 'surpluses' during other shorter periods, within the annual cycle. To the extent that the annual budget time-frame is ultimately arbitrary, this means that those who are committed to strict annual budget balance, in fact, as much acquiesce in the acceptability of temporary budget deficits, as do those who would argue instead for allowing some annual budget deficits, to be offset at other times by annual budget surpluses." (Approaches to Fiscal Policy. 2007). As far as the present economic situation prevailing in Australia is taken in to consideration, it is very clear that for the overall development of the economy, there should be a better resource allocation and income distribution is crucial. It is very important to make an understanding about the system of fiscal policy and its effectiveness. By taking this concept in the practical point of view, the fiscal policy may be short term, medium term and long term as far as the different situation is taken in to fact. "Fiscal policy is now directed firmly towards maintaining sound public finances over the medium term, based on strict rules. Where possible fiscal policy supports monetary policy over the economic cycle. This approach, together with the new monetary policy framework, provides the platform of stability necessary for achieving the Government's central economic goal of high and sustainable levels of growth and employment." (Fiscal Policy in the UK. 2007). For the effective imple mentation of an economy, the fiscal policy gives emphasis on certain

Psychology (personality) Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Psychology (personality) - Essay Example Adler’s strategies can be compared to various points of scripture from the Bible. From the point of both aggression and withdrawal, the section of Genesis in which the Lord expels Adam and Eve from the Garden of Eden is applicable. â€Å"Because thou hast†¦ eaten of the tree, of which I commanded thee, saying Thou shalt not eat of it: cursed is the ground for thy sake; in sorrow shalt thou eat of it all the days of they life† (Holy, 1945). This passage shows both agression and withdrawal, because the Lord is aggressively expelling the couple, and they are being made to withdraw into the world. There tends to be more about punishment in Genesis, showing more aggression. Excuses can also be explained and correlated to scriptures and sections of the Bible, including passages from Job. In terms of applying Adler’s theories to scripture, one can see how the three major safeguarding strategies are put forth as described by Adler in terms of personality, and of cou rse, human beings are still human beings, just as in the Biblical

Gilgamesh and Odysseus Essay Example for Free

Gilgamesh and Odysseus Essay Odysseus main challenge is to help defeat the Trojans in the battle of the Trojan horse. All the men who survived the war and the sea were safely back at home, other than Odysseus, he still had a long journey ahead of him. In the beginning of his journey, his challenge was brought upon him by the powerful God of the sea Poseidon. Poseidon became Odysseus enemy after a Cyclops held him and his crewmates captive. After escaping the Cyclops, Odysseus blinded it with fire and his sword. The Cyclops was the son of Poseidon, after telling his dad what happened Poseidon became full of rage and swore to Odysseus that he would pay for what he had done, and he would wander the seas for ten years as his punishment. After leaving the island of the Cyclops, Odysseus encountered Aeolus, who gave him a bag of winds that would have directed him back to Ithaca. However, one of the crewmembers was anxious to see what was in the bag, that he opened the bag while Odysseus was sleeping. Seeing that Odysseus was the only one that was directed to open the bag this caused terrible winds to come out which blew the men further off course. After many other challenges, at sea Odysseus ended up the only survivor. A few days later, he came to the island of the goddess Calypso; she fell madly in love with him, and held captive on her island for seven years. Upon that seventh year things started to change for Odysseus. Athena, daughter of Zeus and Odysseus’ protector, discussed his fate with the other gods that who assembled in Zeus’ home. All of the gods besides Poseidon sympathized with Odysseus, because of what he did to his son. Zeus however told the God Hermes to tell Calypso to let him go and give him a raft, food, and clothing for his journey to Ithaca; this did not settle will with Poseidon. Poseidon again wrecked Odysseus’ raft and which led him to have to swim to an island naked and exhausted. He woke with laughing women around him, who took Odysseus to meet there parents. They later found out who he was and his role in the Trojan war and helped him on his journey back home. A few more things that took place in his journey back home. When Odysseus finally got home back to Ithaca to be with his family he appreciated what he left behind even more. Odysseus when through many tests, all physically, mental, and emotional but he still survived and overcame his adversities. A woman- a goddess formed Enkidu from clay, by the name of  Aruru. A woman (Shamhat) seduced Enkidu. Gilgamesh sent Shamhat, the harlot to Enkidu as a gift but Enkidu was too full of himself to understand the depth and implications of it. The intercourse was for six days and seven nights. Shamhat was supposedly helped Enkidu become a man and a civilized human being. They learned that the love of a woman was valued above all others. In conclusion, the main comparisons between the journeys of Gilgamesh and The Odyssey were men facing several trials and tribulations that women had been the main cause of the problems and challenges. In Gilgamesh, Enkidu had challenges from the goddess and in Odyssey; Odysseus had challenges from the gods and goddess.

The Gendering of International Conflict

The Gendering of International Conflict The Gendering of International Conflict International conflict, and the military culture and machine that drives it, emanates from the patriarchal power structure of our society. While many consider this to be an unchallengeable or inevitable component of human culture, recent application of feminist discourse to international conflicts reveals not only the inevitable links between military response to conflict and hegemonic masculinity, but also suggests alternative constructs for both dealing with conflict and preventing military intervention and war. Tickner (1999) and others present the dangers of the traditional stereotypical view of men as warriors and aggressive and women as peacemakers and passive. Masculinity is often defined as what is not feminine, and femininity as what is not masculine, although understanding the dynamics of one requires considering both the workings of the other and the relationship and overlap between the two (Cohn and Enloe 2003). Militarism gets defined as masculine, based on domination and violence, and peacemaking gets defined as feminine, based on compassion and passitivity (Rabrenovic and Roskos 2001, 47). This causes forms of addressing conflict in any way other than a military or masculine response to be seen as feminine or a threat to manhood (Moylan 2003). For example, Cohn and Enloe (2003) consider why military response seemed by so many to be the only possible response to the September 11 attacks in the United States. The seemingly self-evident (to a lot of people) need to strike back is partly based on the assumption that it will work' (Cohn and Enloe 2003, 1203). There exists an old but dangerous assumption by many in power that violence will simply be more effective than a negotiated political solution or a response based on the enforcement of national or international law or on economic actions (Cohn and Enloe 2003, 1204). Cohn (2003) comments that she believes responding to violence with violence is an outflow of the interwoven ideas of national security and appropriate masculinity that dominate our political and cultural thought. Riddick agrees that the effectiveness of violent response is consistently overrated, with the costs of military response consistently underestimated (Cohn and Riddick 2002). The hegemonic man, favourin g action over relationship, responds to the threat of violence or conflict with a response that reinforces the idea of the male role as protector and emphasises physical strength. This masculinisation of military action, though strongly dominant both historically and cross-culturally, not only prevents the consideration of alternate and possibly more effective responses to conflict, but also damages the psyche of those it indoctrinates. The idea that the military will make you a man reinforces the concept that only one version of manhood is socially acceptable. The concept of hegemonic masculinity was originally introduced by R.W. Connell. He argues that at any given historical moment, there are many different masculinities, not only one but the hegemonic one (or ones) is the most valued one, the ideal (Cohn and Weber 1999, 461). This construct juxtaposes the ideal man not only against anything perceived as feminine, but also against other masculinities (Cohn and Weber 1999). It gives men who are able to conform to the single or few definitions of appropriate manhood the power to dominate both women and men outside this definition in their society. Over time, it is the men who succeed within such systems that consolidate their power, at the expense of other members of society; unfortunately the men do so at the expense of limiting their future response options to those that fit the hegemonic male construct to which they have succumbed. Men in positions of world leadership, typically products of this conformist environment, are then unable to consider national responses to international conflict outside their conditioned, action-focused response. Cohn and Enloe (1999), critiquing the film Saving Private Ryan, examine this military and cultural on the soldier, and all acceptable men in society, as real men. The underlying messages of the movie, they feel, are the perceived need for men to separate themselves from everything feminine. Masculine and feminine are two distinct constructs, without shared components (Tickner 1999). When feminine sentiments or responses are allowed in a conflict situation, the result is death. This squelching or compartmentalisation of â€Å"feminine† responses, emotions, and reactions from a position other than aggressive action threaten the very lives of not only the man who has â€Å"failed† at being a real man, but also the lives of all those around him. For example, in the movie a young, rather effeminate American compassionately allows a German soldier to go free rather than killing him in cold blood. The German later returns to kill soldiers in the Americans company. The message is that men have to make sacrifices for the good of the nation, and women and feminine sentiment are the polluting elements that prevent that from happening (Cohn and Weber 1999, 466). This skews the view of war and conflict to being a wholly male construct, with little consideration to the wants, needs, and viewpoints of women in conflictual situations. Service to the country, honour in battle, loyalty to one’s fellow soldiers, and the ability to face terrifying and potentially deadly situations with courage and fearlessness are the signs of both a successful soldier and a successful man (Cohn and Weber 1999). The view of war as destructive, both to the countries that wage it, the soldiers who fight in it, and the civilians who suffer through it, becomes a secondary image of military action. The desire to find a way of resolving the issues at hand through negotiation, dialogue, and understanding is devalued and rejected (Ruddick 1989). Women remain those less likely to cause war and violence, most likely to suffer from it in their own homes and communities, and the least valued in terms of the development of effective systems for conflict resolution. Rabrenovic and Roskos (2001) also point out that while war offers some men both new career opportunities and increased power, women typically are not afforded such benefits, but rather face â€Å"the disruption of services, the shortage of necessary resources, the loss of men’s contribution to the household, as well as the every-present worry for safety of their children† (Rabrenovic and Roskos 2001, 48). Therefore resolution of the conflict may jeopardise economic and political standing for some men, particularly those in charge of military operations. Women, on the other hand, are more likely to benefit from and therefore pursue peaceful resolutions of conflict involving cooperation and compromise (Rabrenovic and Roskos 2001). Male leaders in a military conflict typically strive to end it through â€Å"winning,† or achieving a cease-fire agreement which results in increase in their own power and the power of their nation (Rabrenovic and Roskos 2001). They are l ess likely to focus on a means of resolution that most easily accommodates rebuilding the countries impacted by the war, or on establishing systems and practices that enable the use of non-violent alternatives to preventing future conflict (Rabrenovic and Roskos 2001). Feminist discourse contends that international conflict does not require an automatic move to military, violent, or force-based response (Rabrenovic and Roskos 2001). Reardon (1993) envisions true peace as deriving from â€Å"relationships amongst people and nations based on trust, cooperation, and recognition of the interdependence and importance of the common good and mutual interests of all peoples† (4-5). It is not sufficient to simply include women in political and power systems designed by and for men, which therefore use a highly masculinised response mechanism for addressing world issues (Scott 1988, Moylan 2003). Rather, women must be both brought into the decision-making and system developing processes and empowered to include alternative perspectives and means of addressing, conflict, war, and peace. Many women’s organisations have attempted to suggest alternate resolution and conflict prevention strategies from their traditional positions as mothers (Ruddick 1989). This shifts motherhood from a private to a public activity, allowing women and women’s organisations to engage in political and peace strategy discourse and challenge typical and assumed conflict resolution activities. The recent UN resolution 1325 â€Å"makes gender a routinely considered component in the full range of work undertaken by the Security Council† (Cohn, Kinsella and Gibbings 2004, 131). However, there is a significant difference between the simple inclusion of women and gender considerations in international policy and process, and the significant shift in systems called for by the full inclusion of feminist theory in the realm of international conflict. Rabrenovic and Roskos (2001) contend that women â€Å"must persist in gaining greater visibility for women’s peace-work and feminist insights on peacemaking and noting that in the context of unravelling the dynamics of war-making, women have not made sufficient progress† (42). Strong and widespread resistance remains the common response in most countries to any questioning of the use of force as a legitimate response to conflict or manifestation of power (Rabrenovic and Roskos 2001). An additional consideration is the different manifestations of feminism and feminist thought in different cultures. There are a number of worthy feminist thinkers outside the privileged Western realm that is published or given voice in media outlets (Sylvester 1999). Elshtain (2001) examines the different practises and goals of women’s groups in a number of countries, many of which are not in line with the brand of feminism promoted in the West. In Prague, for example, feminists contended â€Å"we want to emphasise concrete problems, not ideologies† (Elshtain 2001, 546). After years of forced involvement in the workforce and requirements to place their children in poorly run state-sponsored day cares, women in Czechoslovakia valued the choice they now have to work or stay home, and considered this at odds to discourse they had encountered from Europe and the United States (Elshtain 2001). Feminists in Palestine were perplexed by the West’s emphasis on freedom, bu t perceived unwillingness to promote the freedom of the Palestinian people. Women there also were confused by comments of several American feminist theorists who viewed head scarves as a form of oppression, which the Palestinian women who wear them do not (Elshtain 2001). It is important, therefore, to concentrate on vital and universal feminist values, viewpoints and aims rather than be distracted by issues not considered important to women in the cultures where the issues exist. Women worldwide should be aware of their options, but encouraged to live from the cultural construct they personally value, and impact their society from this construct. At the same time, Moylan (2003) noted that when men become uncomfortable in viewing power structures and response mechanisms, often feeling a threat to their manhood, â€Å"many women will work to end the men’s discomfort by agreeing with them rather than by expecting them to explore the reasons why they are uncomfortable (571). This leads to a perpetualisation of the very power structures and response mechanisms that need to be challenged. Cohn and Enloe (2003) ask what it takes to â€Å"genuinely demilitarise a society† (1189). First, cultures must allow for separation of hegemonic masculinity, manhood, and the use of force. This is beginning to happen in some areas of the world, where alternate life choices are increasingly tolerated and even valued. â€Å"Gender analysis and gender disaggregated data must be used to bring women’s experiences to the forefront of the conversation and eventually to recast the very meanings of the topics under negotiation, in this case to challenge the very meaning of war and peace† (Scott 1988, 3). This will cause distress to many in the patriarchal power structure that dominates our world organisations. However, with perseverance, the reward of a world where military action and war are not the typical response to international conflict, where men are empowered to express various versions of masculinity, rather than being forced into a hegemonic construct, and wher e women are both participants in the actions and the creation of international policy and practises is well worth the effort. REFERENCES Cohn, C., Enloe, C. 2003. A conversation with Cynthia Enloe: Feminists Look at Masculinity and the Men Who Wage War. Journal of Women in Culture and Society, vol. 28, no. 4, pp. 1187-1207. Cohn, C., Kinsella, H., Gibbings, S. 2004. Women, Peace and Security. International Feminist Journal of Politics, vol. 6, no. 1, March 2004, pp. 130-140. Cohn, C., Weber, C. 1999. Missions, Men and Masculinities. International Feminist Journal of Politics, vol. ?, no. ?, ? 1999, pp. 460-475. Elshtain, J.B. 2001. Exporting Feminism. Journal of International Affairs, Winter 1995, vol. 48, no. 2, pp. 541-558. Moylan, P. 2003. Teaching Peace: The Challenge of Gendered Assumptions. Peace and Change, vol. 28, no. 4, October 2003, pp. 570-574. Rabrenovic, G., Roskos, L. 2001. Introduction: Civil Society, Feminism, and the Gendered Politics of War and Peace. NWSA Journal, vol. 13, no. 2, Summer, pp. 40-54. Reardon, B. 1993. Women and Peace: Feminist Visions of Global Security. State University of New York Press, Albany. Ruddick, S. 1989. Maternal Thinking: Toward a Politics of Peace. Beacon Press, Boston. Scott, J.W. 1988. Gender and the Politics of History. Columbia University Press, New York. Sylvester, C. 1999. Bringing Philosophy to Feminism and Peace. Peace and Conflict: Journal of Peace Psychology, vol. 5, no. 4, pp. 377-379. Tickner, A.J. 1999. Why Women Can’t Run the World: International Politics According to Francis Fukuyama. International Studies Review, vol. 1, no. 3, pp. 3–11.

Review of Hydro Boost Water Gel

Review of Hydro Boost Water Gel Neutrogena, a long visible player in the hair and skin care industry, has produced many products that has been proven to give positive results for clearer, softer skin and cleaner, healthier hair.  Ã‚   Hydro Boost Water Gel is one of the many products that promises better skin.   This is our review of Hydro Boost Water Gel. What is Hydro Boost Water Gel? Hydro Boost Water Gel is a unique skin cream made with purified hyaluronic acid that provides long-lasting moisture to dry skin.  Ã‚   Its noncomedogenic, oil-free formula is designed to be absorbed quickly into the skin to hydrate and seal in the moisture.  Ã‚   It dries to a matte finish so you can wear it underneath makeup and it will not clog pores. How Does Hydro Boost Water Gel Works? To get the best results from Hydro Boost Water Gel, you must first start with a freshly cleansed face.   Gently smooth on the cream onto the skin. The hyaluronic acid holds up to twice its weight in moisture which makes the skin feel plump and moist.  Ã‚   The glycerin in the cream helps to seal in the moisture molecules to keep it from evaporating from the skin.   Sealing the moisture in will help you to avoid the need to reapply the cream throughout the day.   Your skin will keep the hydrated, fresh feeling all day. The product is pale blue in color and it feels cool to the touch.  Ã‚   It has a crisp, aquatic scent with a cooling sensation when applied to the skin.   The product absorbs very quickly into the skin much like a gel, but it has the lasting properties of a cream. Hydro Boost Water Gel Pricing Hydro Boost Water Gel is available in many stores and online.  Ã‚   Amazon is selling a 1.7-fluid-ounce jar for $18.99. Who Made Hydro Boost Water Gel? Neutrogena, the self-professed number one dermatologist-recommended skincare brand, is the creator and distributor of the Hydro Boost Water Gel.   This company was founded in 1930 by Emanuel Stolaroff under the original name Natrone.   Years later, the company changed its name to Neutrogena, which is the name of its most popular bar soap.  Ã‚   It is currently a brand owned by the famous Johnson and Johnson Company and it manufactures and sells skin and hair care products in over 70 countries. Hydro Boost Water Gel Reviews The Hydro Boost Water Gel has been very well received amongst its customers.   On Amazon, it has a rating of 4.7 out of five stars and over 97 percent of the customers actively recommending it to others.   Many people have stated that they were very impressed with how quickly the cream absorbed into the skin.   They stated that the cream left no greasy residue and they could apply makeup over it with no problems.   They also stated that they did not feel the need to refresh the cream throughout the day, verifying that the cream lasts for all-day wear as advertised. Pros It is oil-free and will not clog up your pores Contains purified hyaluronic acid Has a very fast absorption rate Dries with a matte finish for wear underneath makeup Created by a company with a highly successful history with quality ingredients Has received very good ratings from customers There have been no reports of allergic reactions to the cream Cons This formula is tested on animals The amount of hyaluronic acid is relatively low compared to competing products on the market The jar packaging can create a hygiene and freshness issue with the product as it does allow the introduction of air into the cream, which could degrade the effective of the product and introduce bacteria into the jar regardless of method used to remove the product from the jar for use Should You Use Hydro Boost Water Gel? The Hydro Boost Water Gel is a moisturizing product that was created by Neutrogena, a juggernaut in the skin and hair care industry.   This product imparts moisture into clean skin and then seals in the moisture to retain hydration.   Many people have had impressive results using this cream, with most of them marveling at the speed of absorption of the cream into the skin.  Ã‚   Since this product is available in so many places, you should be able to walk into your neighborhood store and purchase it if you dont want to wait for Amazon delivery.  Ã‚   If you are looking for a long-lasting cream that can keep your skin hydrated all day and wears well underneath makeup, then you should give this product a try.

Hocus Pocus Abracadabra - Is It All Just Words and Show? Essay

As a child the notion of magic was as simple as a magician sawing a woman in half, then piecing her back together, or the illusion of a human gravitating in mid air. Even as adults, we are still awed by such pastime entertainments of magic. On the contrary, Rebecca L. Stein and Philip L. Stein depict magic as a way of life similarly to elements of religion. In The Anthropology of Religion, Magic, and Witchcraft Stein and Stein illustrated magic as being a subcategory to religion; laws of magic; functions of magic; how it works; magic in society; and divination. In terms, of magic, what is it; and what makes it real? WHAT IS MAGIC? Magic refers to methods that somehow interface with the supernatural and by which people can bring about particular outcomes (Stein and Stein 136). Unlike religion, magic is geared to the satisfaction of an individual (e.g. Voodoo). Magic in contemporary societies has negative connotations affiliating magic to witchcraft or Voodoo like practices. Unlike religions rituals that tend to involve the whole of the community, magic is often centered on the needs and desires of an individual (Stein and Stein 137). However, in Western civilizations magic is the â€Å"answer† to unanswerable questions, and is the validation to which things are the way they are (dream interpretations, psychics). For instance, teenyboppers craze over horoscopes in Pop culture magazines. Readers feed into justifications to their emotions and faith, and hopes of true love. Overall, who wants to be in the world alone and lost? Therefore, horoscopes are the directions when one is confused when they are at the fork in the road. Based on that, is magic an omniscient power that can collectively derive from the supernatural? In some case... ...y will (Howie, et al 187). Hence, the nature of magic in objective of gaining a series of successful outcomes is purpose why magic continues currently. Works Cited 1. Howie, Linda, et al. â€Å"Some Thoughts on Magic: Its Use and Effect in Undergraduate Student Life.† Totem: The University of Western Ontario Journal of Anthropology 19.1 (2011): 187. Web 30 Mar. 2012 2. Stein, Rebecca L, and Stein L. Philip. The Anthropology of Religion, Magic, and Witchcraft. 3rd ed. *Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, (2011), p. 136. Print 3. Stein, Rebecca L, and Stein L. Philip. The Anthropology of Religion, Magic, and Witchcraft. 3rd ed. *Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education, (2011), p. 137. Print 4. Zorich, Zach. â€Å"Archaeology† Fighting with Jaguars, Bleeding for Rain 61.1 (2008): n. pag. Web. 30 Mar 2012. http://www.archaeology.org/0811/etc/boxing.html.

Films and Media Misrepresenting Race Essay -- Matrix Racism Blacks Ess

Films and Media Misrepresenting Race abstract: In many ways technology makes access to academic work, research and employment easier and faster. However, I am concerned that technology is too often chosen over humanity. Historically,representations of African Americans in technological media tend to value "white" bodies at the expense of Black bodies (Stam and Spence, 1983). Further, recent studies show (Zickmund 2000), in fact, the ways in which some World Wide Web sites make it easier for hate groups to spread their misinformation, contributing to the devaluation of black bodies in technological media. Together, these media representations can be understood in terms of a digital devide between technological "haves" and "have-nots". Film and new media play integral roles in misrepresenting race. The film,The Matrix, reflects these problematic representations of race. Yet it provides critical metaphors for African Americans who contend that we are controlled by beings other than ourselves, and that our bodies must first b e filtered through white bodies to be considered valuable. introduction The 1999 movie The Matrix is considerably more than entertainment for me. It experiments with the idea that we are all pawns of other beings. The Matrix leads the viewer into a world where humans are controlled by secret mechanical forces wishing to enslave humanity. Through critical thinking the humans in The Matrix are able to break the chains of bondage and reclaim their divine nature. Like the characters in The Matrix, I have often felt that I was trapped in an alternate reality, that everyone else around me is trapped as well, pawns in a game, and more importantly, I wonder what would happen if we resisted... ...e Spence, "Colonialism, Racism, and Representation: An Introduction," from Braudy, Leo and Cohen, Marshall, eds. Film Theory and Criticism 5th. ed. (New York : Oxford University Press,1999) Crane, David, "In Medias Race," from Kolko, Nakamura, Rodman, eds., Race In Cyberspace (New York: Routledge,2000) Marx, Leo, "Information Technology in Historical Perspective," from High Technology and Low-Income Communities (Cambridge: MIT Press, 1999) Mitchell, William, "The City of Bits Hypothesis", in High Technology and Low-Income Communities (Cambridge,MIT Press, 1999) Latimer, Christopher P. "New York State Forum for Information Resource Management Rockefeller Institute of Government". (Albany, NY:NYSFIRM, 2001) Zickmund, Susan "Approaching The Radical Other: the Discursive culture of Cyberhate" from the Cyberculture Reader (London/New York: Routhledge,2000)

Armistice :: Creative Writing

It was raining. I was crouched in a large burrowed hole, surrounded by sandbags and half filled with sky water. I had not heard a single gun fire in what seemed like forever. I poked my head up, still clutching my gun with both white-knuckled hands. The dust and debris, everything along the empty street collectively turned to mud. Uniformed bodies lingered face down in the mire. The stucco buildings were sprinkled with bullet holes. Our snipers were on the cracked roofs to both sides, looming down on the center street like wicked angels with rifles. I could see Cleveland positioned in the shadows of a cracked building that once resembled a library. The big black figure masked in an ominously volleying afternoon shower. Joe Soap from Florida was hunkered in a leftover trench adjacent to where I was. The Sergeant and the other men assembled in a tall brick building to my left, stitching Healy and hopefully trying to contact head quarters. We had been lost for days with no word from any one, trekking from Caporetto almost to Vienna, through the worst carnage imaginable. We got lost somewhere and happened on a deserted mill town, twenty-three guys reduced to nine, including the Sergeant. Marky, the Sergeant’s messenger boy caught my attention running over to Cleveland unarmed without cover, then calmly to Soap, and then towards myself with something of a smile on his face. â€Å"Henry!† he said out of breath. â€Å"Is everything cleared?† I nodded. â€Å"Well then, the Sergeant would like to see everyone right away!† Marky turned and ran into the big brick building and at first I was uncertain to follow until I saw Cleveland emerge from the shadows with his rifle resting casually on his shoulder. Everyone was crowded around Healy’s lifeless body. He was still alive but the morphine had him now, his eyes swayed back and forth in his skull, his hands bloody and clenched. The Sergeant stood over him, smoking a giant cigar. I don’t know where he got hold of it, but he puffed and smiled and grabbed at his belt like a proud father. â€Å"Boys,† He gleamed. â€Å"I got something to tell y’all.† He paused for a moment. â€Å"The war is done†¦It’s all over. The powers that be had some sort of truce, signed some treaty.

How to Properly Inform an Employee Regarding Their Evaluation Performance Essay

The topic scenario chosen is regarding an employee, Maria of Latino ancestry, who filed a complaint that she was unfairly eliminated for consideration of a promotion because of her distinctive accent. The current employee is a second-generation native-born American citizen, holds a graduate degree, have been employed with the company for 10 years and in her current position for seven years. Another employee, Alex an Anglo, is considered for the promotion instead of his fellow co-worker Maria. He holds a graduate degree, but has less time in the same position. He has been evaluated to show signs of advancement and ambition, as well as have a better job evaluation. Maria indicates that she is the only employee of race, color and sex in her current department. She accuses her supervisor, who is a white male, of being bias and claims that was the reason for her lower evaluation. She stated that her supervisor informed her that she was not considered for promotion due to the fear that their clients would have trouble understanding her accent. She alleges that the company is engaging in discriminatory practices. The company argues that Maria is a good employee but is often loud and aggressive in her approach to co-workers and supervisors and has had some problems with attendance and tardiness. Twice her supervisor has counseled her for tardiness, and once for absence, which each time she gave family problems as reasons. She justified that in each case a family member needed help and it was her duty to be there for the family member. When the issue of accent was introduced, it was acknowledged that it was a major consideration but was not because of discrimination. Maria often spoke very rapidly, and her accent made understanding difficult when she did. The company alleges that the ability to communicate clearly was an essential component of the job in question. This topic scenario was chosen so that managers or supervisors learn how to properly address an employee regarding their evaluation results. This topic is important to the study of cultural diversity because due to globalization, managers and supervisors will eventually come across multiple ethnic groups with different cultural backgrounds and nationalities. It is crucial for managers or supervisors to communicate and successfully solve conflict among diverse ethnic employees within a company. The student will expect to find how a manager or supervisor should determine what course of action is appropriate when conflict has risen about race, gender and accent in a company. Information about the EEOC and the law pertaining about this case will be introduced. Evaluation of the steps taken in this scenario will be explained as well as solutions, if any, will be given to properly execute effective communication. Statistical data will be presented about the increase of Hispanic occupation in the United States as well as gender in the workforce. Solutions on to how improve the company and its managers or supervisors will be given in order to prevent future unintentional discriminatory processes.

Non Verbal Body Language

Body Language. It has been said that actions speak louder than words, but, what exactly is body language? The Merriam-Webster dictionary defines it as: â€Å"The gestures, movements, and, mannerisms by which a person or animal communicates with others. So, now knowing this definition the phrase â€Å"Actions speak louder than words † starts to make a lot more sense. Even though our body language does not reveal all our innermost thoughts and feelings, it does not mean it is to be ignored. It plays a key role in human communication.Body language simply is communication without words. Therefore it is non-verbal communication. It is the body’s natural language. Over half of our whole message is communicated through our body language. Our verbal message communicated in a conversation is nothing compared to nonverbal message. Your words may sound genuine and you may think your a good liar, but if you have poor body language your conveyor will know right away you are not bei ng genuine. Most body language messages are sent through our face and gestures.On our face, the way the corners of our mouth wrinkle up or down show whether we are happy or sad, how are forehead creases when we are angry, or how are eyes wrinkle when we laugh genuinely are all conveyors of certain messages. The face and the eyes many meanings and can be recognized or decoded easily. Facial expressions are a very important part of communication because they convey the inner workings of emotion. It is widely used by nearly everyone, when trying to strengthen a particular idea or meaning.Some people might not even know they are using it. Body language can be both intended and accidental. That being said our body laguage can contradict wat our verbal or intended message was meant to be. Messages can be passed between people, without any communication being needed. Words are not needed, as the body movements are a language itself, which tells the whole story. It is also used as a form of flirtation between couples, and also is a road people may take to get what they want.Knowing how to read body language is a useful communication skill, so is knowing how to use it. Facial expressions and body language can help give clues as to what people are thinking. We make constant movements every second of the day without realizing it. Trying to read facial expressions can be very hard, because they are so quick. Body language, on the other hand, is more easily read. We are taught some very obvious types of body language, like that someone is lying when they will not look you in the eye, but there are many ore than that.Watching people from a distance, you can usually determine how they feel about each other, whether they are friends, family, or just plain strangers. Body language is something we see everyday that helps us to communicate without words. Body language plays a huge part in many areas of the work industry. One example of this is in the Hospitality industry, especi ally in a bar, restaurant and hotel environment while serving and helping customers and patrons.Another example of body language in a workplace is the type of attitude you may display when being spoken to by a higher ranked individual in any branch of the armed services. Be it Army, Navy, Marine Corps, Air Force, Coast Gaurd. Let's take the Army for a more specific example. In the Army we have a specific set of rules written in what are known as Army Regulations, and in these regulations it is outlined that we must show our military superiors the utmost respect and follow every one of their lawful orders without question.As i said previously people may express certain non-verbal gestures without meaning to or even without knowing they did. So, for example when a soldiers mind is occupied with other tasks at hand or just not paying attention a much higher ranked individual could make an on the spot correction to the soldier and the soldier being preoccupied could accidentally shrug i t off and show disrespect without meaning to. Now, with that being said, that is by no means an excuse to disrespect a senior enlisted Non-commisioned officer.It is the soldiers duty to correct himself so that another higher ranked individual does not have to stop wat he is doing, such as getting briefed or attending an important huddle and correct the soldier on something as petty and easily avoidable as not wearing his patrol cap outdoors. which is clearly required under army regulation 670-1. Body language in the Army is a very important thing indeed. If you are not careful your accidental gestures can show a great deal of disrespect. ven theings as little as turning away from someone too early or not turning around to acknowldge someone fast enough can be taken in a disrespectful manner. Appearance is another important aspect body language. We use our bodies continuously to send messages and reinforce anything communicated earlier. The way we dress is very important in effective ly communicating. For example, if we someone at a formal event wearing jeans it can send out many mixed messages. For a punk rock star it might say ‘I do not care’ maybe in a good way but for the marketing manager of a firm it might say ‘I do not care’ in a bad way.Clothes are only one aspect of how we dress. Body piercing, excessive or minimal use of perfume, general body odor, and how we wear makeup also give out messages. So in conclusion, non-verbal communication or body laguage is a very important part of our everyday communication and human interaction. It has a huge impact on how we as people are percieved, and, without meaning to one of our habitual gestures, movements, or mannerisms can change the outcome of a conversation and greatly offend your listener. Be careful of your body language it can make or break a conversation.

“A Flowering of faith: Christianity and Buddhism” Essay

There are many similarities in the teachings of Jesus and Buddha. Most are discussed specifically in their sermons. With Christianity the sermon was called â€Å"Sermon on the Mount†. Jesus went up a mountainside and spoke to his disciples and the crowds of people. It stated the right ways for us to approach God and to deal with other people. This was a collection of sayings, the Gospel of Matthew, stated by Jesus himself. This sermon, which is located in the New Testament, is the longest teaching from Jesus. With Buddhism, Gautama Buddha was known as their spiritual leader. He was said to have â€Å"attained Nirvana† or to have achieved a state where suffering is eliminated through the abandonment of desires. When stated the term, desires, meaning the cause of suffering. There were many ways to differentiate the two sermons, but their similarities were much more. When dealing with the religions, both had separate commandments to abide by. Buddha’s, â€Å"The Noble Eightfold Path†, gave the religion eight rights to remember. Two of the rights in example were â€Å"Right Speech, avoidance of untruth, slander and swearing†, and â€Å"Right Contemplation, of the truth†. In Christianity, â€Å"The Ten Commandments†, was a list of the different rights to acknowledge. In example â€Å"Thou shalt have no other gods before me† and â€Å"Thou shalt not steal†. In the Sermon of the mount, Jesus also stated what he considered the perfect prayer this was called â€Å"The Lord’s Prayer†. This was simply what you should quote if ever you prayed. In the Sermon at Benares, Buddha listed what was called â€Å"The Four Noble Truths†. These were known as the important principles in Buddhism. The four truths are best understood, not as beliefs, but as categories of experience. They more so discussed what we call cause and effect, i.e. the truth about stress is suffering. When dealing with their similarities the main thing they had in common was the enormous faith in them through their disciples. In conclusion, like Jesus, The Buddha set out to teach nothing but good to his people. They both spoke about helping the sick, wisdom, and faith. Their disciples acknowledged them for guidance in life. Although they were two completely different religions, as said before their similarities remained close.

Warid.Ppt

Marketing Plan WARID TELECOM’S BEST OPPORTUNITY FOR EXPANSION IN PAKISTAN SUBMITTED TO: PROFESSOR AHMAD QAMAR BY: 1. MOHAY-UD-DIN RUBBANI 2. MALIK WAHEED ? ACKNOWLEDGEMENT All glory and honor is for Allah, the Supreme Being who bestowed profound perseverance and ability on us to accomplish this work. We express our profound and cordial gratitude to offer thanks to our learned, kind and experienced teacher, Mr. Ahmad Qamar for his valuable guidance, constructive comments and continuous encouragement through out the research. Grateful acknowledgement is due to Mr. Naveed Saeed GM Sales & Marketing & Miss Rubab of Warid Telecom for allowing us to carry out our research for the completion of this project. ? Special & Grateful acknowledgement goes to our parents who enable us to perform such activities. Table of contents 1. Executive summary 2. Warid Telecom †¢? An Introduction 3. Marketing Environment †¢? Competition †¢? Technology †¢? Financial †¢? Social & Demographic trends †¢? Legal 4. Target Market †¢? Consumer or Industrial †¢? Buying Characteristics †¢? Market Potential 5. Product Positioning 6. Product †¢? Stage of PLC †¢? Classification †¢? Core/Augmented product †¢? Packaging and Labeling †¢? Warranties and Services 7. Distribution †¢? Market Coverage †¢? Channel Structure †¢? Logistics/Physical Distribution 8. Pricing †¢? Mark-ups †¢? Discount/Allowance †¢? Pricing Strategies 9. Promotion †¢? Advertisement †¢? Role of Personal Selling †¢? Publicity and Public Relations †¢? Sales/Trade Promotion 10. Ethical issues associated with this product 11. International marketing activities/opportunities 12. Bibliography ? Executive Summary This report is based on WARID TELECOM which is a GSM service provider in Pakistan by Abu Dhabi Group. ne of the largest groups in the Middle East and the single largest foreign investor group in Pakistan. Its services are admired by its ultimate customers in telecom as well as in banking field. ? This report is made by visiting different stores for the purpose of collecting the information about different aspects of the product i. e. , environmental factors, marketing mix, segmentation, positioning, distribution, pricing strategies, ethical issues, international marketing strategies and comments of the group about this product. WARID TELECOM: AN INTRODUCTION: Warid is an Arabic word meaning an Oasis in the middle of a desert. It is pronounced as Waa-rid. The meaning of our name directly depicts our dominant position and our refreshing services in the vast desert of telecommunication in Pakistan. Browse through our Portal to find out more about what Warid Telecom is all about, and become part of the true quality experience that we offer you. Warid Telecom has implemented a new and modern corporate identity as a result of the dynamic changes taking place in the telecom industry in Pakistan. With a reflection of a new strategy, our aim is to be perceived not only as a telecommunication operator of voice services, but also as a universal provider of comprehensive communications services for both residential and business customers. Warid's corporate identity seeks to reflect the changes in telecom sector in relation to helping customers keep pace with rapidly changing technology in the field of communication, and to harmonize the customers' perception of our brand with the quality and range of our services. Our objective is to provide optimum level of support and care through our highly skilled and motivated team of professionals and through maximum network coverage and clear connectivity that we have committed to provide. MARKETING ENVIRONMENT In present environment, Pakistan has gained growth rate of 18. 6% with 18,400,233 subscribers in mobile communication with in 05 years from 2000 to 2005 ? ? COMPETITION: Competition is there, mainly 06 companies are providing there cellular services in Pakistan (close competitors to one and other) 1. Warid 2. U-fone 3. Mobilink . Telenor 5. Paktel 6. Instaphone ? Following Table shows the Subscription Rate, which, help us to measure the clientele of these companies and their success with the pace of time ? SUBSCRIBERS: ? ?MobilinkUfonePaktelInstsphoneTelenorWaridTotalGrowth Rate 2000114,272 80,221112,000 306,49315. 39 2001309,272116,71196,623220,000 742,606142. 29 2002800,000 350,000218,536330,000 1,698,536128. 73 20031,115,000 550,000319,400 420 ,000 2,404,40041. 56 20043,215,989801,160470,021535,738 5,022,908108. 90 20057,469,0852,579,103924,486454,147835,727508,65512,771,203154. 6 Jul-05 14,119,25710. 56 Aug -05 15,511,0459. 7 Sept-059,010,8503,830,527954,528440,1591,200,9081,509,11116,946,0839. 2 Oct-05 18,400,23318. 6 (1) TECHNOLOGY: Warid is using â€Å"Ericsson† technology to provide telecom services in Pakistan. The basic features of its technology are: Billing: With Warid’s very simple billing procedures it makes sure that one is kept up-to-date with all the math that they do at their end. Warid offers one transparent billing and no nasty surprises. Its bill contains information like †¢? Warid to Warid call ? Local Calls to Other Operators †¢? International calls †¢? Local SMS with mobile no. and locality †¢? Incoming Calls †¢? Non charge able calls like emergency nos. & others †¢? Incoming SMS †¢? Warid information services SIM: Warid is currently providing SIM of 64 K (64 kilo byte) Warid’s comparison with others networks is given below; Mobile Service Provider: Technology: Frequency: Sim: Warid Ericson 900-1800MHZ 64K U-fone Huawei 900-1800MHZ 16-32K Mobilink Orascom 900-1800MHZ 08-16-32K Telenor Nokia Siemens 900-1800MHZ 32K Paktel N/A 900-1800MHZ 32K Instaphone Analog Service AMPS †¢ (2) FINANCIAL: Warid Telecom takes pride in being backed by the Abu Dhabi Group, one of the largest groups in the Middle East and the single largest foreign investor group in Pakistan. It has a diversified business interest in the institutions that have enjoyed commercial success as a result of its strong financial resources and extensive management expertise. The Abu Dhabi Group's major investments are in the following sector: 1. Oil and Gas Exploration, 2. Banking and financial Services 3. Automobile Industry, 4. Hospitality Services . Property Development, 6. Telecommunications Associated companies: Bank Alfalah Limited: Fully licensed commercial bank in Pakistan with over 70 branches in all the major financial centers of the country United Bank Limited: A leading commercial bank in Pakistan with a vast branch network of approximately 1,100 branches including 23 international branches, affiliates and representative offices in UAE, Bahrain, Qa tar, Yemen, Egypt, Iran, Switzerland, UK and USA Alfalah Exchange Company: Fully licensed exchange company in Abu Dhabi ? Iranian Sanden Industries PJS Co: A joint venture with Sanden Singapore to manufacture car air conditioners in Iran. The project has the capacity to produce up to 300,000 air conditioning units per annum J. C. Maclean and Co †¢? Manufacturers of high quality furniture †¢? Neo Pharma LLC †¢? Manufacturers of pharmaceutical products National Telesystems and Services (NTS) A joint Venture with Bin Jaber Group Ltd. and Thales International Middle East Holding S. A. L. Al Jazira Management Mall Management joint venture Abu Dhabi Vegetable Oil Company Manufacturer of edible oils Nama Development Enterprises Representation of leading companies in the UAE in the field of oil and gas, engineering, equipment suppliers, consultants, etc Wholly Owned Properties and Companies Le Royal Meridien Hotel, Abu Dhabi Previously known as the Abu Dhabi Grand Hotel, was re-branded in 2003 as Le Royal Meridien Hotel. It is a 5-star Hotel in the heart of Abu Dhabi. It will soon be offering 300 deluxe rooms and suites and other facilities Dhabi Contracting A special category construction company Dhabi Drilling Offshore Rig operations in collaboration with Sedco Forex Al Ain Palace Hotel A 4-star hotel in Abu Dhabi Dhabi Enterprises Leasing Leasing a number of groups and real estate properties across Abu Dhabi SOCIAL & DEMOGRAPHIC TRENDS: While looking at social needs of a family and having an eye on economy (as two to three and plus members of a family are using Hand-held phone) Warid has launched a family package named â€Å" FRIENDS AND FAMILY† ? ? ? ? FRIENDS AND FAMILY: Friends and Family are On-net minutes only. No upfront line rent will be deducted on any post paid customer. Post-Paid connection costs will be Rs. 300. All free Airtime/ Value in post paid is one-time. Demographically Warid has launched prepaid connections according to the ncome level market. Warid’s post-paid connections are meant for low-income level, young stars and young executives like its SILVE & GOLD packages. POST-PAID PACKAGES FOR LOW-INCOME LEVEL Package: Silver, Gold, Connection, Postpaid, Postpaid, Activation Tax, 150, 150, Monthly Line Rent, 0, 150, No. of Friends & Family members, 5, 10, Monthly VAS Subscription, 50, 0, Free of Charge, Free outgoing Minutes (Monthly) 0, 60, Free SMS (Monthly Units) 0, 15, Free MMS (Monthly Units), 0, 3, Free Internet (Monthly Units), 0, 3, ? ? ? ? POST-PAID PACKAGES FOR MIDDLE & HIGH INCOME-LEVEL Package: Platinum, Diamond, Connection, Postpaid, Postpaid, Activation Tax, 150, 0, Monthly Line Rent, 500, 2,500, No. of Friends & Family members, 20, Unlimited, Monthly VAS Subscription, 0, 0, Free of Charge, Free outgoing Minutes (Monthly) 240, 1,000, Free SMS (Monthly Units) 50, 100, Free MMS (Monthly Units), 5, 10, Free Internet (Monthly Units), 5, 10, ? FOR LOW-LOWER INCOME-LEVEL For lower-lower income level Warid has launched its pre-paid connection i. e. ZEM. ? Package Silver Connection Prepaid Activation Tax 300 Free Airtime Rs. (On Activation) 150 No. of Friends and Family Members 5 Monthly VAS Subscription (Optional) 50 In Sindh Rs. 0 is levied as stamp duty on new connection sales LEGAL: According to Warid legally environment is fully protected TARGET MARKET: According to one of the representatives of Warid that Warid has divided its target market in to categories of A+, A-, B+, B-, C, D, E and F CATEGORIES: CHARACTERISTICS: A+ & A- Age group of 28 to 32, 40+ and of upper-income level (Urban) B+ & B - Age group of 22 to 27 and of lower-upper-income level (Urban) C Age group of 18 to 21 young stars (CORE TARGET) (Urban) D Age group of 13 to 17 and low lower income level all Ages(Urban) E & Users of Semi-urban areas (Has planned to launch) F Users of Rural Areas (Has planned to launch) ? ? Consumer or Industrial Warid is providing their packages at both levels. Consumer level is provided in this report, while, industrial level has variable domain, settled according to no. of connections and on the nature of packages according to line rents e. t. c. Buying Characteristics Warid is very much selective and stresses on value added purchases Market Potential Currently market is on SATURATION POINT as for Urban areas concern and as for as Rural Areas concern there is great POTENTIAL. Warid is going to launch its products in Semi-Urban and Rural Areas Product Positioning As Warid is new in the market of Pakistan and is still trying to make its position in the mind of customer better than existing big giant Mobilink. Although Warid is new in market but it has acquired a good position as for as Zero line rent post-paid connections and low rate pre-paid connections. In my point of view, as Warid launched its products in Pakistan with a MARKET PUSHER STRATEGY, while providing low rates, not only it has made its position better but also made other networks to reduce their prices. According to BCG matrix Warid falls under STARS, which shows its low market share and high growth rate. BCG model is given below, ? ? Product In market there are two basic categories of its product brands, which are ZAHI and ZEM. Zahi is meant for Post-Paid and Zem for Pre-Paid, their features and tariffs are given below. ZAHI Zahi is a Post-Paid brand with different packages, which are; †¢? Diamond †¢? Platinum †¢? Gold †¢? Silver ? ZAHI TARIFF: With Warid's unique billing system, one only get billed for a call on a 30 second basis when calling from Warid to Warid, Warid to PTCL landline and on all International Calls, rather than the existing per minute charges. This is not applicable on Off-net (other mobile operators) numbers in Pakistan. Package: Silver, Gold, Platinum, Diamond, Connection, Postpaid, Postpaid, Postpaid, Postpaid, Activation Tax, 150, 150, 150, 0, Monthly Line Rent, 0, ` 150, 500, 2,500, No. of Friends & Family members, 5, 10, 20, Unlimited, Monthly VAS Subscription, 50, 0, 0, 0, Free of Charge, Free outgoing Minutes (Monthly) 0, 60, 240, 1,000, Free SMS (Monthly Units) 0, 15, 50, 100, Free MMS (Monthly Units), 0, 3, 5, 10, Free Internet (Monthly Units), 0, 3, 5, 10, Voice (Peak Hours) Rs. per minute Friends and Family1. 501. 251. 000. 50 On-net (Warid to Warid)2. 001. 751. 500. 50 Off-net (National)3. 002. 752. 502. 00 International (Zone 1)9. 008. 007. 006. 00 International (Zone 2)18. 0017. 0016. 0015. 00 Voice (Off Peak Hours) Rs. per minute Friends and Family1. 001. 000. 750. 50 On-net (Warid to Warid)1. 501. 501. 250. 50 Off-net (National)2. 752. 502. 252. 00 International (Zone 1)8. 007. 006. 006. 00 International (Zone 2)17. 0016. 0015. 0015. 00 Peak Hours are 7am to 10pm, Off Peak Hours are 10pm to 7am Short Messaging Service (SMS) On-net (Warid to Warid)Rs. 0. 50 Off-net (National)Rs. 1. 00 International SMSRs. 5. 00 VAS (Rs. 3. per transaction) Surf Now (Mobile Internet) downloadper 200 Kb Picture Messagingper 100 Kb Warid Zone Content Downloadper 100 Kb ? ? ? ? Download SMS based content for Re. 1. 00 per transaction Download MMS based content for Rs. 4. 00 per transaction MMS unit is a message of size 100KB maximum Internet unit is an upload or download of 200KB MMS is charged both for receiving and sendi ng Notes All calls will be billed on a 30 second basis, except Off-net calls on other cellular operators, which will be billed on a per minute basis. Security Deposits will be as follows: Security Deposits NationalRs. 1,000 InternationalRs. 5,000 International RoamingRs. 20,000 The National security deposit will not apply to Diamond package, i. e. minimum security deposit will be Rs. 5,000. All free minutes and SMS are subject to taxes, however, no tax is leviable if they are marketed as bundled with line rent. Friends and Family are On-net minutes only. No upfront line rent will be deducted on any post paid customer. Post Paid connection costs will be Rs. 300. All free Airtime/ Value in post paid is one-time. †¢ ZAHI FEATURES: Basic Services: Caller Line Identification (CLI): This service enables you to identify callers at your discretion Conference Call: With Conference Call, you can teleconference with 6 people simultaneously. You can create conference calls with on-net (Warid to Warid) and off-net (national) numbers Call Waiting & Call Hold: Handle two calls at a time with your Warid phone. You can be on one call while the network will alert you about another incoming call. You can put the first call on hold while you answer the second call Call Divert: Whether you're unable to take a call, driving outside the national coverage area, traveling abroad or are busy, you can divert your calls to any other Warid number. Short Messaging Service (SMS): With SMS you can be as discreet or as creative as you like. Either way, sending a message is quick, reliable, confidential and if you want it to be†¦ great fun! Value Added Services: Voice Mail: Voice Mail allows you to receive your voice messages even when your mobile is switched off, you are outside the coverage are or are busy. You can retrieve these messages for free from your Warid phone at your own convenience. Picture Messaging & Multi-media Messaging Service (MMS): With MMS messaging is fun, colorful and musical. Add pictures, animations, polyphonic & MIDI sounds, even video clips to messages and show the world how amazing communications can be. Surf Now (Mobile Internet): Surf Now gives you the flexibility to browse the internet on your mobile phone or laptop anywhere you are. So, whenever you are on the internet, simply setup the internet connection from your GPRS/WAP enabled handset. Please note that both your handset and website need to be WAP enabled for this service to work. If you are using your laptop or if your phone supports windows internet browser such as Nokia 9500, i-Mate etc. you can log on to the normal www sites. 64K SIM: Warid presents the most powerful 64K SIM. Apart from the special WARID menu, the 64K SIM gives its users added flexibility to store up to 500 numbers and 50 text messages. No other SIM in the market offers this amount of storage space. Prepaid customers can replace their standard 32K SIM with the 64K SIM by paying a replacement fee. Warid Zone: The to the st ate-of-the-art SIM technology, one’s Warid SIM comes with a special WARID menu. This menu offers a bundle of services. Now you don't need to remember key words or short codes to access information any more. Key words have already been pre-coded in your SIM card, allowing you to get information†¦ easily and swiftly. ZEM Zem is Pre-Paid brand for low-lower class Zem Tariff Want a worthwhile Prepaid Package? With Warid's unique billing system, you only get billed for a call on a 30 second basis when calling from Warid to Warid, Warid to PTCL landline and on all International Calls, rather than the existing per minute charges. This is not applicable on Off-net (other mobile operators) numbers in Pakistan. Click here to compare our pre-paid tariffs with other cellular operators. Package Silver Connection Prepaid Activation Tax 300 Free Airtime Rs. (On Activation) 150 No. of Friends and Family Members 5 Monthly VAS Subscription (Optional) 50 In Sindh Rs. 50 is levied as stamp duty on new connection sales Voice (Peak Hours) Rs. per minute Friends & Family 1. 50 On-net (Warid to Warid) 2. 00 Off-net (National) 3. 00 International (Zone 1) 9. 00 International (Zone 2) 18. 00 Voice (Off Peak Hours) Rs. per minute Friends & Family 1. 00 On-net (Warid to Warid) 1. 50 Off-net (National) 2. 75 International (Zone 1) 8. 00 International (Zone 2) 17. 00 Scratch Cards are available in the following denominations: Rs. 00, Rs. 250, Rs. 500, Rs. 1000 All scratch cards valid till 12 months Peak Hours are 7am to 10pm, Off Peak Hours are 10pm to 7am Note: All charges are exclusive of Government taxes and levies such as sales tax at 15% and advance withholding tax at 10%. ?Short Messaging Service (SMS)? ?On-net (Warid to Warid)Rs. 0. 50? ?Off-net (National)Rs. 1. 00? ?International SMSRs. 5. 00? ?VAS (Rs. 3. 0 0 per transaction) ? ?Surf Now (Mobile Internet) downloadper 200 Kb? ?Picture Messaging & MMSper 100 Kb? Download SMS based content for Re. 1. 00 per transaction Download MMS based content for Rs. 4. 00 per transaction MMS unit is a message of size 100KB maximum Internet unit is an upload or download of 200KB MMS is charged both for receiving and sending ? ? ? ? Zem features: Basic Services Caller Line Identification (CLI) This service enables you to identify callers at your discretion Conference Call With Conference Call, one can teleconference with 6 people simultaneously. You can create conference calls with on-net (Warid to Warid) and off-net (national) numbers Call Waiting & Call Hold Handle two calls at a time with your Warid phone. You can be on one call while the network will alert you about another incoming call. You can put the first call on hold while you answer the second call Call Divert Whether you're unable to take a call, driving outside the national coverage area, traveling abroad or are busy, you can divert your calls to any other Warid number. Short Messaging Service (SMS) With SMS you can be as discreet or as creative as you like. Either way, sending a message is quick, reliable, confidential and if you want it to be†¦ great fun! Value Added Services Voice Mail Voice Mail allows you to receive your voice messages even when your mobile is switched off, you are outside the coverage are or are busy. You can retrieve these messages for free from your Warid phone at your own convenience. Picture Messaging & Multi-media Messaging Service (MMS) With MMS messaging is fun, colorful and musical. Add pictures, animations, polyphonic & MIDI sounds, even video clips to messages and show the world how amazing communications can be. Surf Now (Mobile Internet) Surf Now gives you the flexibility to browse the internet on your mobile phone or laptop anywhere you are. So, whenever you are on the internet, simply setup the internet connection from your GPRS/WAP enabled handset. Please note that both your handset and website need to be WAP enabled for this service to work. If you are using your laptop or if your phone supports windows internet browser such as Nokia 9500, i-Mate etc. , you can log on to the normal www sites. 64K SIM Warid presents the most powerful 64K SIM. Apart from the special WARID menu, the 64K SIM gives its users added flexibility to store up to 500 numbers and 50 text messages. No other SIM in the market offers this amount of storage space. Prepaid customers can replace their standard 32K SIM with the 64K SIM by paying a replacement fee. Warid Zone The to the state-of-the-art SIM technology, your Warid SIM comes with a special WARID menu. This menu offers a bundle of services. Now you don't need to remember key words or short codes to access information any more. Key words have already been pre-coded in your SIM card, allowing you to get information†¦ easily and swiftly. Zem Scratch Cards: What is a scratch card? As the name suggests it, a scratch card is a medium of recharging your account by acquiring a 16-digit code and inputing in your mobile phone for activation of that code. Our scratch card is a recharge coupon which has a holographic scratch field. This silver panel needs to be scratched off before any usage. Denominations The scratch cards are available in the following denominations: Rs. 100, 250, 500, 1000 ? ? ? Stage of PLC In the product life cycle stage Warid is new entry in market; after launching its products in Pakistan on 23rd may 2005 it is in introductory stage that can be best understood through graph, ? (5) Classification Basic classification is done on the basis of Post-Paid & Pre-Paid as per market and other Services/Features are provided in them. ? Core/Augmented product Customers are the most important element in any organization. Warid distinguishes them as our biggest assets, and we strive for excellence by listening to their needs. We work with our customers to gain an understanding of their business, their goals and their objectives, to ensure that they receive the best possible service and the right solutions to meet their demands. We seek to be trendsetters in customer service, with our ‘one stop' concept for all your telecom requirements. This will be achieved with the provision of a one window operation for on-the-spot issue resolution and one stop service. We have the maximum number of Sales and Customer Service Centers countrywide, with two state-of-the-art Contact Centers of international standards, equipped with cutting edge technologies to ensure real-time online services. Our highly trained and well-groomed team of Customer Service Executives are on hand 24 hours to provide support. We have established Corporate Lounges, with a customer-friendly environment to provide personalized care to our esteemed corporate clients. Furthermore, an extensive network of franchises, kiosks and mobile units ensure easy and convenient accessibility. Core/Augmented product of Warid is VALUE ADDED SERVICES as discussed above. Warranties and Services No sort of warranty is provided by Warid after sale but it does provide services to all the customers with it’s franchises and customer services. Warid has its network through out the cities in which it provides its services. Its network of franchises and customer service centers is discussed in next topic. Distribution Warid has PERSONAL BASE CENTERS. The description of personal base centers is given below, Franchises Warid Telecom is constantly establishing dedicated company owned sales and service centers in all the major cities and towns of Pakistan. Following is a list of the cities and the addresses of all our established franchises with our presence. ? CityAddress Lahore8 Ground Floor, Eden Centre, 43/A Jail Road, Lahore 10-A and 10 B UGF Century Towers, Lahore 25-Hunza Block Allama Iqbal Town, Lahore 7 Ground Floor Center Point main Boulevard, Gulberg Lahore 153 GT Road, Near Land Mark School, Lahore 42 Commercial Building, Jeweller Market Old Anarkali, Shahrah-e-Quaid Azam Lahore Digi Mart Sharif Chamber Ground Floor 68 Mazang Road Lhr. Opp. Micro Factory, Near PSO Petrol Pump, Main Peco Road, Lahore 39- Wahdat Road Office No. 103/10 Allama Iqbal Road, Gari Shau 34-G. T Road Shahdra 25-Empress Road, Lahore Main Boulevard Gulshan Ravi Near Zakoota Plaza, Lahore 367-E, Opposite Royal Arcade, Chungi Amer Sadhu, Main Feroze Pur Road, Lahore. Shop no 24 bagh ali road , girja chowk Lahore 7-Data Darbar, Near Palace Hotel Shell Pump Chowk Tajpura, Shadbagh, Lahore 14-A, Asif Chamber, Davis Road. Lahore 38-H Commercial LCCHS, DHA, Lahore. Shop#3, Ground Floor, M bhatti Building # E84, Main Boulevard Defence Lahore 229 Ravi Road Lahore 0-B, Shalimar Link Road, Opp Total Petrol Pump 89-A Bilal Center, Temple Road, Lahore. 2 Mcleod Road 33 Ferozepur Road 1003-Tufail Road Sadar Saraiy Rattan chind Main Bansawala Bazar, Shahalam Chowk, Lahore 946/B, Faisal Town, Maulana Shaukat Road, Lahore 35/B, Model Town Link Road E-22/29 Shaheen colony, Main walton Road 17-Commercial Area, Chouburji Chowk, Lahore. Shop No 1& 2, Raiwind Road, Near Hyundai Motors, Thokar Niaz Baig, Lahore 17 Ghazali Road, 2nd round about. Samanabad. Lahore 17-18 Agro Squre Main Shadman Market, Shadman Lahore Civic Center Garden Town Lahore 3/NIL/B-2, College Road, Town Ship, Lahore Opp. Bagh Rahmat Trust, New Airport Road. Bhatta Chowk, Lahore 1- B, Model Town, Lahore H # 4, Jail Road, Gulberg 5 SheikhupuraBank Alfalah Lahore Sargodha Road Sheikhupura KasurChowk Masjid Noor, Kasur IslamabadShop # 5, Block 12-C, Jinnah Super, Islamabad Shop # 6, Al Malik Center, Jinnah Ave, Blue Area, Islamabad Shop # 1, Shalimar Plaza, F-10 Murkaz, Islamabad Shop # 78, Executive Centre, I-8 Murkaz, Islamabad Shop # 2, Ground Floor, Shahbaz Plaza, G-6/1, Abpara, Islamabad Shop # 1, Ground Floor, Hassan Arcade, F-11 Markaz, Islamabad Shop # 7, Al-Baber Center, Markaz F-8, Islamabad Shop No 4 Nauman Plaza I-10 Markaz Isb Office # 8, Londen shoppingcentre, G-9 murkaz TaxilaShop#1 ,haider plaza faisal shaheed road taxila RawalpindiD- 109, Main 6th Road, Sattelite Town, Rawalpindi Next to Al-Bilal Plaza, Chandini Chowk, Murree Road, Rawalpindi Niazi Plaza Opposite Unique Bakers, Bank Road, Sadar, Rawalpindi Shop No-247-A (5 & 6) Dhamyal Road, Kalama Chowk, Kamalabad, Rawalpindi Property # 100, Near Shell Petrol Pump, Adayala Road, Rawalpindi Commercial Market Road, Opposite Bank Of Punjab. Choor Chook Main Peshawar Road, Rawalpindi Shop No. 11,212,213, Jamia Mujid Road Bunni. Office # 131,132,Ground Floor, Liaqat Road, Rawalpindi. Wah CanttB-1 Basti La La Rukh Wah Cantt AttockShop 16 Block B Civil Bazar Attock Ground Floor Main Double Road Attock AbbotabadGround Floor Gohar Arcade Supply Mnashera Road. Abbotabad Opp. Burnal College Ali Plaza Jandian Road Abbotabad PeshawarBurjaman Center Near KFC University Road Peshawar Shop 4,5,6 Aukaf Plaza YakaToot Road Peshawa r Haleem Tower Main GT Road Peshawar 24 The Mall Peshawar Cantt Ground Floor Mian Duble Road Hayataba Chowk Peshawar Tariq Sultan & co,Warid Franchise,Opp. LR Hospital, Kabli Road, Peshawer NowsheraShop 6 Army Welfare Shops Nowshera Cantt PubbiGround Floor Main Double Road Pubbi D. I. KhanMian Circular Road Near State Life Building D. I. Khan Shop 17 & 18 Aman Ullah Shopping center Double Road D. I. Khan FaisalabadAdjacent to Rayz hotel,Kotwali road, . Faisalabad Opp. To National Bank, Main SamonabadRoad, Faisalabad Old service shop, adjecent tochief boot house, katchery bazar, Faisalabad P-19/C, Main Susan Rd 213, Adjacent to Global Medical Center, Madina Town. Faisalabad Ajmal Arcade, 1st Floor, Main Rd, Betala Colony. Faisalabad Awan Plaza, Bole Di Jughi, Sargodha Rd. Faisalabad Raffaqat Plaza, Peoples Colony#1, Tanki Rd. Faisalabad Adjacent to Shaukat Khanum Lab, Main Gulberg Rd. Faisalabad Near Bata Shop, Millat Rd, Gulistan Colony#1. Faisalabad Main sadar bazar, near Aminia beakers, Gulam Muhammad Abad, Faisalabad. 9- Iqbal Stadium Faisalabad Sahiwal275 B-1, High Street Sahiwal OkaraAhmed Telecom, Church Road, Okara SargodhaOpp. Sadique Hospital, Main Bazar Sattelite Town, Sargodha 331-C, Civil Lines, University Rd, Opp DIG House. Sargodha 1 Joiya Market, Block 8, City Rd. Sargodha GujranwalaRahwali Chowk near sugar mill,G. T. Road Rahwali Granton hotel,G. T Road, Gujranwala Ali market,bairoon khiali darwaza,hafizabad rd,Gujranwala 64-D Jinnah Statdium,Gujranwala. Model Town Market, near Yummy 36,Gujranwala Old City centre G. T Road Near Pakistan Electronics,Gujranwala PO Jalil town,Qilla Chan G. T. Road,Gujranwala Satellite Town market. beside Rex dry cleaners,Gujranwala SialkotOpp. Liberty Market, Aziz Shaheed Road,Cantt Sialkot Paris rd. near Telephone Exchange,Sialkot Abbot Road,Near KASB Bank, Sialkot Lahore Marketing,Near Sony Square, Sony Building, Alam Chowk, Sialkot. Old National Bank building , opposite Gulistan Cinema, Kashmir Road , Sialkot GujratShop #1,2 & 8. Block †C† Naseem Plaza Budkey wala Chowk Rehman Shaheed Road Gujrat opp P. S. O Petrol Pump Bus Stand ram Talai Road Mashallah Plaza,Fawara chowk, Gujrat Ajmal Traders, B 1/169, Opposite Mirza Akram Hospital, Court Road Gujrat JhelumAkram Shaheed Park, Shandar Chowk, Jhelum GTS Chowk Near DHL Office, Jehlum Sara-i-AlamgirG. T Road Sarai Alamgir HafizabadGujranwala Road Hafizabad Mandi BahauddinJalal sevices punjab online Rafique Chowk Mandi Bahauddin Ammar Telecom, Opp. NBD Bank Kechehry Road Mandi Bahudin KarachiKhayaban-e-Ittehad, Defence Shop # 7, Rex Centre, Zaib-un-Nisa Street 9/1, 8th Commercial Street, Ph. IV, DHA Firdous Market, Firdous Colony, Rizvia Chowrangi Shop # 1,Minhas Electronics, I. I. Chundrigar Road Sober Center, Adamjee Nagar, Block B, Ghazi Salahuddin Road, Main Dhoerajee, CP Barrar Society Imperial Court, Dr. Ziauddin Ahmed Road Main Rashid Minhas Road Shop # 1, Building 8-D, Stadium Commercial Lane # 3, Phase 5, DHA Shop # FL-10/3, Block 5, Gulshan -e-Iqbal, Main Rashid Minhas Road Shop # 38/39, GF, Hashoo Terrace, Fl # 7 , Block 5, Clifton B 25, SMCHS, Shahra-e-Faisal Shop # 12, UBL Building, Gurumandir B 253, Block L, N. Nazimabad Shop # 1&2, Shah Faisal plaza North nazimabad Block B SC14/1, Sector 11/H, North 11th Commercial Street, Khayaban-e-Ittehad, Defence Shop # 1-2, Plot # 5E, 8th Zam Zama Commercial Lane, Phase V, DHA Shop # 4-5, Falak Naz Arcade, Shahr-e-Faisal Shop # 29, Hassan ali centre, M. A jinnah road Karimabad, near Mina Bazar, Federal B Area Opp. English biscuits Factory, KIA Plot # 185, Sector 11-L, Main ZMC Road, Orangi Town Abul Hasan Isphahani Road, near IBA Gate University of Karachi, Gulshan-e-Iqbal Plot # H 6/1 Showroom # 1, Main National Highway, Quidabad Lahandi Shop # 3-19, DMCHS, near Gahni Sons, Tariq Road 1-D, Main Sunset Boulevard, Phase 2, Defence Shop #23, RusiLake Drive,Block 18, Gulistan Johar Shop # C-2/3, Al Hassan Plaza, Block # 13-A. Gulistan Iqbal QuettaMetha Mehal Street Shop # 11, Gulistan Road, Opp. IG Office Main Jinnah Road, Idara-e-Saqafat Satellite Town, near Jillani Hospital HyderabadShop # 1, Safia High School, Saddar Cantt, Opp. Faran Hotel Shop # 14-25, Ward of Gul Center, Thandi Sadak Shop # 14, American Centre Tilak, Chari Road SukkerApwa Shopping Centre, near Dolphin Bakers, Main Queens Road Shop # 4-5, Sidra Terrace, Minara Road MultanShop # 13-14-15, Areej Commercial Centre, Old Ttehsil Chowk, Gulgasht Colony Bosan Road Shop # 1, Makkah Arcade, Near PTCL Exchange, LMQ Road, Dera Adda House # 1879-F/1, Khanewal Road Shop # 2-3-91, United Square, Nusrat Road, SP Chowk. Multan Cantt Shop # 36, Rahma Commercial Centre, Kutcheri Road BahawalpurCircular Road Near Fawara Chowk MuzzafargarhOpp. Fiaz Park, near National Bank Rahim Yar Khan28 model town, Adjacent Daewoo Booking Office ? ? ? Market Coverage Warid has covered 9. 782 % of total market share Warid’ s connections 1,800,000 Total Mobile users 18,400,233 Warid’s share 9. 782485 % (According to graph of Pakistan Telecommunication Authority given on pg. no. 07) ? ? Channel Structure Warid is having its Main/Head office in EFU House Building Lahore, with its Business Centre in Lahore Center Plaza on main boulevard Lahore. Warid has its basic distribution centers in all 28 cities of Pakistan as discussed above. Logistics/Physical Distribution Warid is manufacturing its products i. e. SIM outside the country with its central warehouse in Lahore and 03 regional warehouses in Lahore, Karachi and Islamabad. Pricing Pricing is simple and is provided above with tariff of Zahi and Zem. Additionally, Warid comprises no hidden charges. Mark-ups Mark-up is kept confidential and no information provided by them. ? Discount/Allowance Discount and allowances are provided only on corporate level. Pricing Strategies Pricing strategies is kept confidential and no information provided by them. Promotion Warid is promoting its trough all the means available. ? Advertisement Warid is using both, ATL (Above The Line) and BTL (Below The Line) advertisement for its products. Role of Personal Selling Role of personal selling is used by Warid through †¢? Interaction †¢? Events †¢? Shopping Centers Activities Publicity and Public Relations Warid is keeping public relationing and publicity in mind and doing great work on it, it has helped by 120 Million Rs. Relief fund in earth quick disaster. Sales/Trade Promotion Warid is doing Sales/Trade Promotions but kept confidential. Ethical issues associated with this product Warid is care full about ethical issues associated with its products but does not open them as per strict confidentially concern. International marketing activities/opportunities Warid is on availing international market and opportunities and hence it is launching its services in †¢? Bangladesh †¢? Afghanistan †¢? Sri Lanka ? ? ? ? ? ? ? BIBLIOGRAPHY ? (1): (Source: Pakistan Telecommunication Authority ? www. pta. gov. pk ) (2): (Source: Calls to Service Centers of respective networks Warid: 111-111-321 U-fone: 111 -333-100 Mobilink: 111-300-500 Telenor: 111-345-100 Paktel: 111-222-111 Instaphone: 111-500-500) (3): www. quickmba. com (4): www. waridtel. cpm. pk